Benefits:

Confidentiality: Encryption ensures only authorized parties can access CUI, even if it's intercepted during transmission. This minimizes the risk of data breaches and protects sensitive information.

Compliance: Implementing encryption demonstrates adherence to NIST 800-171, a requirement for organizations handling CUI on behalf of the U.S. government.

Trustworthiness: Strong encryption fosters trust with partners and stakeholders by showcasing your commitment to data security.

Accountability:

Senior Management: Sets the overall security direction, allocates resources for implementing cryptographic solutions (e.g., encryption tools, FIPS-validated algorithms) and ensures compliance with the control. They are responsible for holding IT security teams and system owners accountable.

IT Security Team: Implements and manages cryptographic mechanisms. This includes selecting encryption solutions, configuring them for CUI transmission, and ensuring ongoing maintenance. They advise system owners on secure configurations and train users on proper data handling.

System Owners: Are responsible for ensuring their systems comply with 3.13.8. They work with the IT security team to implement appropriate cryptographic controls for their systems and conduct risk assessments to identify situations where alternative physical safeguards might be necessary (e.g., a secure, physically protected cable for short-distance data transfer).

Individual Users: Must be aware of their role in protecting CUI. This includes using approved encryption tools and following established procedures for transmitting CUI. Training on these procedures is crucial.

Implementation:

Encryption Technologies: Secure Socket Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) are common choices for encrypting internet traffic. For specific applications, file-level encryption or disk encryption might be used.

FIPS Compliance: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) publishes approved encryption algorithms. Choosing FIPS-validated options ensures the strongest protection.

Alternative Safeguards: In rare cases, physical safeguards like secure, shielded cables might replace encryption for very short transmissions within a controlled environment.